On This Day:
Monday June 16, 2014 This is the 167th day of the year, with 198 days remaining in 2014. Fact of the Day: diamonds The scratch hardness of diamond is assigned the value of 10 on the Mohs scale of hardness; corundum, the mineral next to diamond in hardness, is rated as 9. Actually, diamond is very much harder than corundum, and would have a value of about 42 if the Mohs scale were linear. The hardness of a diamond varies significantly in different directions, so that some faces are more easily cut and polished than others.
Holidays Feast day of St. Cyricus, St. Ismael, St. Aurelian, St. John Francis Regis, Saints Cyr and Julitta, St. Benno of Meissen, St. Lutgarde, Saints Ferreolus and Ferrutio, and St. Tychon of Amathus.
South Africa: Youth Day.
Events 1567 - Mary, Queen of Scots, was imprisoned in Lochleven Castle in Scotland.
1897 - The government signed a treaty of annexation with Hawaii.
1902 - "The Wizard of Oz" (play) opened at the Grand Opera House in Chicago.
1903 - Ford Motor Company was incorporated.
1933 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt opened his New Deal recovery program by signing bank, rail, and industry bills and initiating farm aid.
1961 - Soviet ballet dancer Rudolf Nureyev defected to the West while his troupe was in Paris.
1963 - Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space, aboard Vostok 6.
1977 - Leonid Ilich Brezhnev, first secretary of the Soviet Communist Party since 1964, was elected president of the Supreme Soviet.
2001 - The Leaning Tower of Pisa opened for the first time since 1990 as work to keep it from falling over was completed; it now leans only 4.1 m (13.5 ft) off perpendicular, 44 cm (17 in) less than its previous lean.
Births 1829 - Geronimo, Apache leader and warrior.
1890 - Stan Laurel (Arthur Stanley Jefferson), English actor and comedian.
1917 - Katharine Graham, American, publisher of the Washington Post.
1920 - José López Portillo, President of Mexico from 1976 to 1982.
1937 - Erich Segal, American author.
1938 - Joyce Carol Oates, American writer.
1951 - Roberto Durán, Panamanian boxer.
Deaths 1930 - Elmer Ambrose Sperry, American inventor and industrialist.
1958 - Imre Nagy, Hungarian premier who attempted to establish Hungary's independence from the Soviet Union, executed.
1977 - Wernher von Braun, German scientist, who led Nazi Germany's rocket development program before and during World War II.
2000 - Empress Kōjun, empress consort of Japan.
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