On This Day:
Saturday January 3, 2015 This is the 3rd day of the year, with 362 days remaining in 2015. Fact of the Day: elephant memory The elephant's mind and memory are similar to other intelligent mammals. This means that they do have a good memory, but not better or worse than dogs, cats, or humans. And sometimes, like dogs, they do forget the meaning of "come here", if they are occupied, or "go away", if you are holding a banana. Extremely important for elephants as a species, is their "culture memory", the knowledge and memories based upon experience, that may help a group. A group of young elephants, where the old ones have been killed, will be much more vulnerable when it comes to deal with and solve, for example, climatical problems, that depend on the knowledge of old migration routes.
Holidays Feast day of St. Peter Balsam, St. Bertilia of Mareuil, St. Antherus, pope, and St. Genevieve or Genovefa.
The U.S. Congress assembles, according to the Constitution of the United States of America, unless a different day is appointed.
Events 1521 - Martin Luther was excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church by Pope Leo X.
1777 - General George Washington's army routed the British, led by Lord Cornwallis, in the Battle of Princeton, New Jersey.
1833 - Britain seized control of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic.
1868 - The Meiji Restoration reestablished the authority of Japan's emperor (after 700 years) and brought the fall of the military rulers known as shoguns.
1888 - The drinking straw was patented by Marvin Stone of Washington, D.C.
1903 - South Dakota's Wind Cave National Park was established.
1924 - Two years after British archaeologist Howard Carter discovered the tomb of the Pharaoh Tutankhamen near Luxor, Egypt, he uncovers the greatest treasure of the tomb -- a stone sarcophagus containing a solid gold coffin with the mummy of Tutankhamen.
1938 - The "March of Dimes" campaign to fight polio was organized.
1947 - U.S. Congressional proceedings were televised for the first time; these were the opening ceremonies of the 80th Congress.
1959 - President Dwight Eisenhower signed a proclamation admitting Alaska to the Union as the 49th state.
1961 - The United States broke diplomatic relations with Cuba.
1962 - Pope John XXIII excommunicated Cuban prime minister Fidel Castro.
1990 - Ousted Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega surrendered to U.S. forces.
1993 - President George Bush and Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed a historic nuclear missile-reduction treaty in Moscow.
2004 - Spirit, the first of the two Mars Exploration Rover missions, landed.
Births 106 B.C.E. - (Marcus Tullius) Cicero, Roman statesman.
1624 - William Tucker, the first African-American believed to have had his birth recorded in the New World.
1793 - Lucretia Coffin Mott, American women's rights advocate and founder of the first Women's Rights Convention.
1892 - J.R.R. Tolkien, British writer.
1945 - Stephen Stills, American singer and songwriter.
1956 - Mel Gibson, Australian film actor.
Deaths 1967 - Jack Ruby, American who shot accused presidential assassin Lee Harvey Oswald, of cancer in a Dallas hospital.
1979 - Conrad Hilton, American hotelier and founder of the Hilton Hotel chain.
1980 - Joy Adamson, Austrian naturalist and author, best known for her book, "Born Free."
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