On This Day:
Monday February 23, 2015 This is the 54th day of the year, with 311 days remaining in 2015. Fact of the Day: ice cream People have been eating ice cream for 3000 years, originally as flavored snow or ice. Ice cream evolved from flavored ices that were popular with the Roman nobility in the 4th century BC. The emperor Nero is known to have imported snow from the mountains and topped it with fruit juices and honey. In the 13th century, Marco Polo was reported to have returned from China with recipes for making water and milk ices. Early colonists poured maple syrup over snow. Both Washington and Jefferson owned a "cream machine for making ice" and Dolly Madison's White House dinner parties were talked about for the "large shining dome of pink ice cream" as the centerpiece. Colonists talked about going to ice cream houses since the 1700s, which weren't generally called ice cream parlors or ice cream stands until the late 1870s. The discovery that salt would lower the freezing point of cracked ice led to the first practical method of making ice cream. Making ice cream in the home was greatly simp lified by the invention of the wooden bucket freezer with rotary paddles. In 1846, Nancy Johnson, a Philadelphia dairy maid, invented the hand-cranked ice cream freezer. In 1851 the first wholesale ice cream was manufactured in Baltimore. With the development of mechanical refrigeration, widespread distribution of ice cream became possible. After the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair, people started asking for ice cream cones, invented at the fair when an ice cream vendor ran out of dishes and a nearby vendor of the crisp pastry, salabria, twisted it into a cone to hold the ice cream. Haagen-Dazs began manufacturing in 1959 and Ben & Jerry's was created in 1978.
Holidays Feast day of St. Polycarp of Smyrna, St. Dositheus, St. Milburga, St. Alexander Akimites, St. Boisil, and St. Willigis.
Brunei: National Day.
Guyana: Republic Day.
Russia: Defenders of the Fatherland Day / Army and Navy Day.
Events 1540 - Spanish explorer Francisco Vasquez de Coronado began his unsuccessful search for the fabled Seven Cities of Gold in the American Southwest.
1836 - The siege of the Alamo began in San Antonio, Texas, led by Mexican General Santa Anna.
1839 - William F. Harnden organized the nation's first express courier service, operating between Boston and New York City.
1861 - President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrived secretly in Washington to take office after an assassination plot was foiled in Baltimore.
1863 - Lake Victoria, in Africa, was proclaimed to be the source of the River Nile by British explorers John Speke and J. A. Grant.
1870 - Mississippi was readmitted to the Union.
1886 - The electrolytic process for manufacture of aluminum was invented by Charles M. Hall.
1893 - Rudolf Diesel received a patent in Germany for the engine that bears his name.
1898 - Writer Emile Zola was imprisoned in France for his letter "J'accuse" in which he accuses the French government of anti-semitism and the wrongful imprisonment of army captain Alfred Dreyfus.
1905 - The Rotary Club was founded in Chicago, Illinois by Attorney Paul Harris.
1919 - Benito Mussolini founded the Italian Fascist Party.
1927 - President Calvin Coolidge signed a bill creating the Federal Radio Commission, the forerunner of the Federal Communications Commission.
1945 - During World War II, the U.S. Marines captured Mount Suribachi on Iwo Jima, Japan, where they raised the American flag.
1954 - The first mass inoculation of children against polio with the polio vaccine, created by Jonas Salk, began, in Pittsburgh.
1974 - The Symbionese Liberation Army demanded $4 million more for the release of Patty Hearst.
1997 - Roslin, Scotland scientists announce that an adult sheep named Dolly had been successfully cloned.
2006 - The one billionth song was downloaded from the iTunes Music Store.
Births 1633 - Samuel Pepys, English civil servant and diarist.
1685 - George Frederick Handel, German composer.
1787 - Emma Willard, American educator, textbooks author.
1868 - W.E.B. Du Bois (William Edward Burghardt Du Bois), American historian, sociologist, and civil rights leader, founder of what became the NAACP.
1939 - Peter Fonda, American actor.
1944 - Johnny Winter (born John Dawson Winter III), American blues guitarist, singer, and producer.
Deaths 1848 - John Quincy Adams, diplomat, politician, and President of the United States.
1965 - English-born Stan Laurel, famous as part of the comedy team Laurel and Hardy.
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