On This Day:
Monday October 13, 2014 This is the 286th day of the year, with 79 days remaining in 2014. Fact of the Day: Mars Mars is the only planet whose solid surface and atmospheric phenomena can be seen by telescopes from Earth, revealing its similarities to Earth (clouds, winds, 24-hr day, seasons, polar ice caps, volcanoes, canyons).
Holidays Feast day of Saints Januarius and Martial, St. Gerald of Aurillac, St. Edward the Confessor, St. Coloman, St. Comgan, St. Faustus of Cordova, and St. Maurice of Carnoët.
Hong Kong: Birthday of Confucius.
Portugal: Pilgrimage to Fatima.
Events 1307 - Members of the Knights of Templar are arrested throughout France, imprisoned and tortured by the order of King Philip the Fair of France.
1670 - Virginia passed a law that blacks arriving in the colonies as Christians cannot be used as slaves.
1775 - The Continental Congress authorized the first American naval force. Later in the year, Esek Hopkins is appointed the first commander-in-chief of the Continental Navy.
1792 - The Executive Mansion (later White House) cornerstone block was laid by President George Washington; it was designed by Irish-American architect James Hoban. John Adams was the first President to occupy it.
1812 - During the War of 1812, British and Indian forces under Sir Isaac Brock defeated Americans under General Stephen Van Rensselaer at the Battle of Queenstown Heights, effectively ending further United States invasion of Canada.
1843 - The Jewish organization B'nai B'rith (meaning "Sons of the Covenant") was founded in New York City by Henry Jones and 11 others.
1860 - The first aerial photo was taken in the U.S., from a hot air balloon over Boston.
1903 - The Boston Americans defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in baseball's first World Series.
1904 - Sigmund Freud's "The Interpretation of Dreams" was published.
1923 - Ankara replaced Istanbul as the capital of Turkey.
1943 - Italy declared war on Germany, its former Axis partner.
1962 - "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?," by Edward Albee, opened on Broadway.
1970 - Angela Yvonne Davis, a former philosophy professor at the University of California, black militant, and self-proclaimed Communist, was arrested for supplying weapons used in a courtroom shootout in California.
1998 - National Basketball Association canceled the first two weeks of its regular season because of a lockout.
Births 1754 - "Molly Pitcher" (Mary Hays (Ludwig) McCauley), heroine of the American Revolution.
1784 - Ferdinand VII, king of Spain.
1821 - Rudolf Virchow, German political leader, scientist, teacher, author.
1909 - Herblock (Herbert Lawrence Block), American editorial cartoonist.
1921 - Yves Montand, French singer and actor.
1925 - Lenny Bruce, American controversial comedian.
1925 - Lady Margaret Thatcher (Roberts), first female Prime Minister of Great Britain.
1941 - Paul Simon, American singer and songwriter, in Newark, N.J.
1947 - Sammy Hagar, American singer with the group Van Halen.
Deaths 54 - Roman emperor Claudius I, some say after being poisoned by his wife, Agrippina.
1974 - American television host Ed Sullivan.
2002 - Stephen E. Ambrose, American biographer and historian.
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