On This Day:
Tuesday December 3, 2013 This is the 337th day of the year, with 28 days remaining in 2013. Fact of the Day: atmosphere Without the atmosphere, it would be impossible to live on earth. The atmosphere's layers form a "blanket" around the earth, protecting us from dangerous rays of the sun and from the cold of outer space. The atmosphere contains the air that we breathe, water vapor, and dust. Air contains carbon dioxide and nitrogen, vital for life, and water vapor forms the clouds that bring rain. The atmosphere is held in place by the pull of the earth's gravity and extends to about 1,250 miles above the earth.
Holidays Feast day of Saints Claudius, Hilaria and their Companions, St. Birinus, St. Lucius of Britain, St. Cassian of Tangier, and St. Francis Xavier.
Central African Republic: National Day.
Events 1762 - France ceded to Spain all lands west of the Mississippi -- the territory known as Upper Louisiana.
1775 - John Paul Jones hoisted the first seagoing American flag.
1818 - Illinois entered the United States as the 21st state.
1828 - Andrew Jackson was elected President of the United States of America.
1833 - Oberlin Collegiate Institute became the first coeducational college in the United States with an enrollment of 29 men and 15 women.
1912 - Bulgaria, Serbia, and Montenegro signed an armistice with Turkey, ending the first Balkan War.
1917 - The Quebec Bridge, the world's longest cantilever, was opened over the St. Lawrence River.
1948 - The first female U.S. Army officer not in the medical corps was sworn in.
1960 - "Camelot" opened on Broadway in New York City.
1961 - At the Museum of Modern Art in New York, Henri Matisse's painting "Le Bateau," which had been hung upside-down for 46 days, was righted.
1967 - In Cape Town, South Africa, Dr. Christiaan Barnard performed the first human heart transplant, on Louis Washkanski. Washkanski lived 18 days with the new heart.
1979 - Eleven people were killed and others injured in a crush of fans at Cincinnati's Riverfront Coliseum, where the British rock group The Who was performing.
1984 - One of the worst industrial disasters occurred as a pesticide plant located in the densely populated region of Bhopal in central India leaked a highly toxic cloud of methyl isocyanate into the air.
1989 - United States President George Bush and Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev announced the official end to the Cold War at a meeting in Malta.
1999 - Scientists failed to make contact with the Mars Polar Lander after it began its fiery descent toward the Red Planet; the spacecraft was presumed destroyed.
Births 1826 - George McClellan, Union general who defeated Robert E. Lee at Antietam and ran against Abraham Lincoln for president.
1842 - Charles Alfred Pillsbury, American flour miller and food products manufacturer.
1857 - Joseph Conrad, Polish-born novelist.
1895 - Anna Freud, Austrian-born psychologist who pioneered child psychoanalysis.
1903 - Carlos Montoya, Spanish-born guitarist and composer.
1930 - Jean-Luc Godard, French film director.
Deaths 1894 - Robert Louis Stevenson, Scottish poet and novelist.
1910 - Mary Baker Eddy, American founder of Christian Science religious faith.
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