On This Day:
Wednesday December 4, 2013 This is the 338th day of the year, with 27 days remaining in 2013. Fact of the Day: blood types Blood typing is the classification of an individual's blood in terms of distinctive inherited antigenic characteristics associated with the red blood cells. Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian-American immunologist and pathologist, developed the ABO blood group system in 1901. Blood group identification has become indispensable in connection with blood transfusion, because the blood groups of recipient and donor must be the same or compatible. The ABO blood group system is broken down into four major groups: type A, type B, type O, and type AB. In the United States, the following population percentages correspond to each blood group: type O - 46%; type A - 40%; type B - 10%; type AB - 4%.
Holidays Feast day of St. Maruthas, St. Bernard of Parma, St. Sola, St. Osmund, St. Anno, St. Barbara, virgin-martyr, and St. John of Damascus.
Events 771 - Charlemagne became sole ruler of the Frankish Empire.
1154 - The only Englishman to become a pope, Nicholas Breakspear, became Adrian IV.
1619 - The first Thanksgiving celebration took place in America when a group landed on what became Berkeley Plantation in Virginia; they celebrated and gave thanks with a meal.
1674 - French Jesuit missionary Jacques Marquette erected a mission on the shores of Lake Michigan.
1783 - General George Washington bade farewell to his officers at Fraunces Tavern in New York City.
1786 - The Franciscan Mission to the Indians was founded in Santa Barbara, California.
1786 - The National Grange, the first organized agricultural movement in the United States, was founded.
1791 - The "Observer," Britain's oldest Sunday newspaper, was first published.
1808 - Napoleon abolished the Inquisition in Spain.
1816 - James Monroe of Virginia was elected the 5th President of the United States of America.
1829 - Under British rule, suttee (whereby a widow commits suicide by joining her husband's funeral pyre) was made illegal in India.
1872 - U.S. brigantine Mary Celeste was found adrift and deserted with its cargo intact, in the Atlantic Ocean between the Azores and Portugal.
1875 - William Marcy Tweed, the"Boss" of New York City's Tammany Hall political organization, escaped from jail and fled the country.
1906 - Alpha Phi Alpha, the first national college fraternity for African-American men, was founded at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.
1918 - President Woodrow Wilson departed Washington, D.C., on the first European trip by a U.S. president. He went to Versailles where he headed the American delegation to the peace conference seeking an official end to World War I.
1942 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered the dismantling of the Works Progress Administration, which had been created to provide jobs during the Depression.
1942 - U.S. planes made the first air raids on mainland Italy.
1945 - The Senate approved United States participation in the United Nations.
1947 - Tennessee William's play "A Streetcar Named Desire" premiered on Broadway, starring Marlon Brando and Jessica Tandy.
1952 - The Grumman XS2F-1 made its first flight.
1965 - The U.S. launched Gemini 7 with Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Frank Borman and Navy Commander James A. Lovell aboard.
1969 - Fred Hampton, Illinois chairman of the Black Panthers, was shot and killed along with Mark Clark during an early morning police raid of the BPP's Illinois state headquarters in Chicago.
1978 - Dianne Feinstein was named to replace the assassinated George Moscone, becoming the first female mayor of San Francisco.
1991 - Journalist Terry Anderson, the last and longest-held American hostage in Lebanon, was freed by his Hezbollah captors after being held for 2,455 days.
1996 - Mars Pathfinder lifted off from Cape Canaveral and embarked on a successful 310 million-mile trip to explore the Red Planet's surface.
1998 - The first international space station, named Unity, was launched.
2001 - The United States froze the financial assets of organizations allegedly linked to the terrorist group Hamas ("Islamic Resistance Movement").
Births 1795 - Thomas Carlyle, Scottish writer, historian, and essayist.
1849 - Crazy Horse, Native American Indian chief.
1861 - Lillian Russell (Helen Louise Leonard), American singer, actress.
1866 - Wassily Kandinsky, Russian-born painter.
1875 - Rainer Maria Rilke, German poet.
1892 - Francisco Franco, Spanish dictator.
1934 - Wink Martindale, American TV host.
Deaths 1993 - Frank Zappa, American composer and guitarist.
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