On This Day:
Wednesday September 18, 2013 This is the 261st day of the year, with 104 days remaining in 2013. Fact of the Day: air Air is a mixture of gases comprising the Earth's atmosphere, something that all plants and animals need for life. The mixture contains one group of gases whose concentrations are nearly constant as well as another group whose concentrations vary in space and time. The atmospheric gases with steady concentrations are nitrogen (78% of the air) and oxygen (21%), followed in order of quantity by argon, neon, helium, methane, krypton, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, and xenon. Of the gases with variable concentrations, the most important are water vapor, ozone, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. There is a "blanket" of air about 400 miles deep surrounding the Earth.
Holidays Unification Church: Foundation Day.
Netherlands: Prinsjesdag, official opening of parliament at The Hague.
Bhutan: Blessed Rainy Day.
Events 1634 - Anne Hutchinson, the first female religious leader in the American colonies, arrived at the Massachusetts Bay Colony with her family.
1759 - The French formally surrendered Quebec to the British. Both James Wolfe and Louis Montcalm, the British and French commanders, died in the battle.
1789 - The U.S. took out its first loan. Alexander Hamilton took the loan from the Bank of New York and Bank of North America.
1793 - President George Washington laid the cornerstone for the U.S. Capitol.
1810 - Chile declared its independence from Spain.
1850 - Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act, requiring the return of escaped slaves to their owners. It was the second fugitive slave law passed by Congress.
1851 - The first edition of the "New York Times" newspaper was published.
1889 - Hull House was opened in Chicago by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr.
1891 - Harriet Maxwell Converse became the first European-American woman to be made a Native American chief.
1895 - Booker T. Washington delivered his famous "Atlanta Compromise" speech at the opening of the Cotton States and International Exhibition in Atlanta, Georgia.
1900 - The first direct primary was held in the U.S., in Hennepin County, Minnesota.
1927 - The Columbia Phonograph Broadcasting System (later, CBS) started operations with 16 radio stations.
1934 - The League of Nations admitted the Soviet Union.
1947 - The Air Force is established as a separate branch of the military. The National Security Act was passed, unifying the Army, Navy, and Air Force of the U.S.
1948 - Margaret Chase Smith became the first woman elected to the Senate when she defeats Democratic opponent Adrian Scolten.
1957 - "Wagon Train" premiered on TV.
1964 - "The Addams Family" premiered on TV.
1965 - "Get Smart" premiered on television.
1975 - Patricia Hearst, the newspaper heiress and wanted fugitive, was captured by the FBI in San Francisco, 19 months after being kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army.
1977 - Ted Turner won the America's Cup in his yacht Courageous.
2003 - Hurricane Isabel hit North Carolina's Outer Banks with 100-mph winds and moved up the Eastern Seaboard; the storm was blamed for 40 deaths.
Births 1709 - Samuel Johnson, British lexicographer, poet, essayist, and novelist.
1819 - Jean Bernard Leon Foucault, French physicist who invented the gyroscope.
1905 - Greta Garbo (Gustafsson), Swedish-born actress.
1905 - Agnes DeMille, American dancer and choreographer for ballet and Broadway.
1908 - Satchel Leroy Paige, Major League Baseball's oldest rookie after playing 22 years in the Negro Leagues.
1920 - Jack Warden, American actor.
1938 - Robert Blake (Michel Gubitosi), American actor.
1939 - Frankie Avalon (Frances Avellone), American singer and actor.
1961 - Actor James Gandolfini ("The Sopranos"), in Westwood, New Jersey.
1964 - Holly Robinson, American actress.
1971 - Jada Pinkett Smith, American actress.
Deaths 1911 - Russian prime minister Piotr Stolypin, after being shot four days earlier.
1961 - United Nations Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld. He was posthumously awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.
1970 - Jimi Hendrix, 27, American rock musician and guitarist.
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