On This Day:
Thursday September 12, 2013 This is the 255th day of the year, with 110 days remaining in 2013. Fact of the Day: martini Martini was first the trade name for a brand of vermouth (Martini & Rossi) but now is the name for a cocktail based on gin and vermouth. A sweet martini is made with Italian (sweet) vermouth; a dry martini with French (dry) vermouth. A vodka martini (or vodkatini) contains vodka rather than gin. As with so many other popular cocktails, there are many different recipes. The martini was certainly one of the earliest of the classic mixed drinks, predating the cocktail age that began after World War I.
Holidays Maryland: Defenders Day.
Ethiopia: National Revolution Day.
Pennsylvania: John Barry Day.
Events 490 B.C.E. - Athenian and Plataean Hoplites commanded by General Miltiades drove back a Persian invasion of Greece at Marathon.
1609 - English explorer Henry Hudson sailed the ship Half Moon into the river that now bears his name.
1722 - The Treaty of St. Petersburg put an end to the Russo-Persian War.
1866 - First New York City show premiered ("The Black Crook") which features beautiful showgirls.
1918 - General John J. Pershing led American Expeditionary Forces on their first major offensive in Europe as an independent army. In the St. Mihiel offensive, the American Expeditionary Forces utilized with resounding success the armored fighting tank brigades as a substitute for the cavalry.
1919 - Adolf Hitler joined the German Worker's Party.
1940 - Lascaux Cave's 17,000-year-old paintings were discovered by teenagers who stumbled upon the ancient artwork when trying to find their dog. The paintings are the finest examples of art from the Paleolithic Period.
1944 - U.S. Army troops entered Germany for the first time in World War II, near Trier.
1949 - The Ladies Professional Golf Association of America (LPGA) was formed in New York City with Patty Berg as its first president.
1953 - Senator John Fitzgerald Kennedy wed Jacqueline Bouvier at St. Mary's Church in Newport, Rhode Island.
1953 - Nikita Khrushchev was elected the first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, six months after the death of Joseph Stalin.
1954 - The TV show "Lassie" premiered.
1959 - Luna 2 was launched by the USSR, becoming the first spacecraft to land on the Moon.
1964 - Canyonlands National Park was established in southeastern Utah.
1966 - The TV show "The Monkees" premiered.
1969 - President Richard Nixon ordered a resumption in bombing North Vietnam.
1972 - The TV show "Maude" debuted.
1974 - In Boston on the day the schools opened, opposition to court-ordered school "busing" turned violent. The National Guard was mobilized in October to restore peace.
1977 - South African black student leader Steven Biko died while in police custody, leading to international protests and a United Nations-imposed arms embargo.
1992 - Space shuttle Endeavour blasted off; it carried Mark Lee and Jan Davis, the first married couple in space, and Mae Carol Jemison, the first black woman in space.
2001 - Ansett Australia, Australia's first commercial interstate airline, goes out of business.
2002 - Three former Tyco International Ltd. executives were charged with taking hundreds of millions of dollars from the conglomerate; all three pleaded innocent at their arraignment in New York.
2005 - Hong Kong Disneyland opens in Penny's Bay, Lantau Island, Hong Kong.
Births 1812 - Richard March Hoe, American printer who built the first successful rotary printing press.
1818 - Richard Jordan Gatling, American machine-gun inventor.
1880 - H.L. Mencken, American writer, editor, philologist, and social critic.
1888 - Maurice Chevalier, French singer, dancer, and actor.
1892 - Alfred A. Knopf, American publisher.
1913 - (James Cleveland) Jesse Owens, American track and field athlete who won four medals at the Olympics in Berlin in 1936. He was snubbed by Adolf Hitler because of his color.
1931 - George Jones, American country singer.
1931 - Ian Holm, British actor.
1943 - Michael Ondaatje, Canadian novelist and poet.
1944 - Barry White, American singer.
1956 - Ricky Rudd, American race car driver.
1962 - Dino Merlin (born Edin Dervišhalidović), Bosnian singer and songwriter.
Deaths 1869 - Peter Mark Roget, English physician and lexicographer, who compiled the popular reference book entitled "Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases" in 1852.
1918 - George Reid, fourth Prime Minister of Australia.
1977 - Steve Biko, South African anti-apartheid activist.
1992 - Anthony Perkins, American actor.
1993 - Raymond Burr, television and film actor.
1994 - Boris Yegorov, Russian cosmonaut.
2003 - Johnny Cash, American country singer from Kingsland, Arkansas.
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