Sunday, June 30, 2013

Scrum

Word of the Day for Sunday, June 30, 2013

scrum \skruhm\, noun:
1. a Rugby play in which, typically, three members of each team line up opposite one another with a group of two and a group of three players behind them, making an eight-person, three-two-three formation on each side; the ball is then rolled between the opposing front lines, the players of which stand with arms around a teammate's waist, meeting the opponent shoulder to shoulder, and attempt to kick the ball backward to a teammate.
2. British. a place or situation of confusion and racket; hubbub.
verb:
1. to engage in a scrum.
This wasn't to be a scrum, but a more formal announcement, with the journalists plugging into a multifeed box for the audio.
-- Terry Fallis, The High Road, 2010
The half who was taking the scrum whipped the ball out in the direction of his colleague.
-- P. G. Wodehouse, A Prefect's Uncle, 1903
Scrum is an abbreviated form of scrummage, which is a variant of scrimmage. It likely came to English in the late-1800s from the Old High German word skirmen meaning "to protect" or "defend."

Plaza de Mayo

Spanish Word of the Day
Sunday, June 30, 2013

plaza de mayo, noun
the Plaza de Mayo
All major cities have their iconic sites, such as Time Square and Red Square. One of the most famous places in Buenos Aires isla Plaza de Mayo, word for word: May Square.
It stands downtown, in front of the presidential palace. It is called Plaza de Mayo because it was in May 1810 that the events which led to the independence of Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia from Spain were set in motion.
In recent history it is, sadly, most famous for las madres de la Plaza de Mayo and las abuelas de la Plaza de Mayo - themothers and grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo. These are the mothers and grandmothers of los desaparecidos - the disappeared - the thousands of people who were murdered by the military regime in the late 1970s. As a protest they demonstrated silently in the Plaza de Mayo.


Content By Collins
© HarperCollins Publishers Ltd 2006. All rights reserved.

Leap Second

On This Day:
Sunday June 30, 2013

This is the 181st day of the year, with 184 days remaining in 2013.

Fact of the Day: Leap Second

June 30 is one of the two times (the other being December 31) when the addition or subtraction of a second from our clock time is allowed to coordinate atomic and astronomical time. The determination to adjust is made by the International Earth Rotation Service of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Paris. A leap second is an intercalary, one-second adjustment that keeps broadcast standards for time of day close to mean solar time. Leap seconds are necessary to keep time standards synchronized with civil calendars, the basis of which is astronomical. The announcement to insert a leap second is given whenever the difference between UTC and UT1 approaches one-half second, to keep the difference between UTC and UT1 from exceeding ±0.9 s. After UTC 23:59:59, a positive leap second at 23:59:60 would be counted, before the clock indicates 00:00:00 of the next day. Negative leap seconds are also possible should the Earth's rotation becomes slightly faster; in that case, 23:59:58 would be followed by 00:00:00.

Holidays

Congo: Independence Day.
Guatemala: Armed Forces Day.
Sudan: Salvation Revolution Day.
Feast day of St. Theobald of Provins, the Martyrs of Rome, St. Emma, St. Bertrand of Le Mans, St. Erentrude, and St. Martial of Limoges.

Events

1520 - Montezuma II was murdered as Spanish conquistadors fled the Aztec capital of Tenochtilan during the night.
1572 - Great Britain passed a Poor Law, giving assistance to the poor who were unemployed or vagrant.
1859 - A French acrobat known professionally as Émile Blondin (Jean-François Gravelet) became the first daredevil to walk acrossNiagara Falls on a tightrope.
1864 - President Abraham Lincoln signed the Yosemite Land Grant.
1870 - Ada Kepley became the first female law school graduate.
1906 - The Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act each became law.
1908 - One of the most powerful, natural explosions in recorded history occurred, in Central Siberia, devastating 70 miles in diameter.
1921 - President Warren Harding appointed former President Howard Taft to be Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
1921 - Radio Corporation of America (RCA) was incorporated.
1934 - Nazi leader Adolf Hitler ordered a purge ("Night of the Long Knives") of his own political party, assassinating hundreds of Nazis whom he believed had the potential to become political enemies in the future.
1936 - "Gone With the Wind" was published.
1952 - "Guiding Light" premiered as a television soap opera.
1966 - The National Organization for Women was founded in Washington, D.C.
1971 - Three Soviet cosmonauts who served as the first crew of the world's first space station died when their spacecraft depressurized during reentry.
1982 - The Equal Rights Amendment (passed by Congress in 1972), prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex, failed to secure ratification by a sufficient number of states to ensure its inclusion in the Constitution of the United States of America.
2002 - Brazil wins its fifth FIFA World Cup title.

Births

1934 - Harry Blackstone Jr., American magician.
1957 - Sterling Marlin, American race car driver.
1960 - Murray Cook, Australian vocalist, songwriter, and guitarist.
1966 - Mike Tyson, former American World Heavyweight boxing Champion.
1975 - Ralf SchumacherGerman Formula One race car driver.

Deaths

1971 - The crew of the Soyuz 11Viktor PatsayevGeorgi Dobrovolski, and Vladislav Volkov.
1984 - Lillian Hellman, American playwright.
2003 - Buddy Hackett (born Leonard Hacker), American comedian and actor.

Word of the day: Vilify

Word of the Day for Saturday, June 29, 2013

vilify \VIL-uh-fahy\, verb:
1. to speak ill of; defame; slander.
2. Obsolete. to make vile.
Mr. Tallboys [chanting]: “O all ye children of men, curse ye the Lord, curse Him and vilify Him for ever!”
-- George Orwell, A Clergyman's Daughter, 1935
...and as they conceived the kindness and affection which Mr Allworthy showed the latter, must be highly disagreeable to her, they doubted not but the laying hold on all occasions to degrade and vilify him, would be highly pleasing to her...
-- Henry Fielding, Tom Jones, 1749
Vilify entered English in the 1400s from the Latin roots vilis meaning "cheap," "base," or "worthless," and facere meaning "to make."

On This Day:
Saturday June 29, 2013

This is the 180th day of the year, with 185 days remaining in 2013.

Fact of the Day: Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles was a peace document signed at the end of World War I by the Allied and Associated Powers and by Germany in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles, France. It took effect on January 10, 1920. The population and territory of Germany was reduced by about 10 percent by the treaty. The "war guilt clause" of the treaty deemed Germany the aggressor in the war and consequently made Germany responsible for making reparations to the Allied nations in payment for the losses and damage they had sustained in the war. The Treaty of Versailles was revised and altered over the years, mostly in Germany's favor. Numerous concessions were made to Germany before the rise of Adolf Hitler, and by 1938 only the territorial settlement articles remained in effect. The harsh treaty and its lax enforcement are blamed by many historians for Hitler's rise and his militarism setting the stage for World War II.

Holidays

Seychelles: Independence Day.

Events

1566 - The Stationers Company was granted a monopoly in Great Britain.
1652 - Massachusetts declared itself an independent commonwealth.
1767 - The British parliament passed the Townshend Revenue Act, levying taxes on America. Colonists bitterly protested the Acts, which were repealed in 1770.
1776 - The Virginia state constitution was adopted, and Patrick Henry made governor.
1880 - France annexed Tahiti.
1906 - Mesa Verde National Park was established.
1938 - Olympic National ParkWashington, was established.
1956 - The U.S.Interstate Highway System was born when President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed a bill providing $33.5 billion for highway construction.
1966 - In the Vietnam War, U.S. aircraft bombed the major North Vietnamese cities of Hanoi and Haiphong for the first time, destroying oil depots located near them.
1967 - Israel united east and west Jerusalem.
1970 - U.S. troops pulled out of Cambodia.
1974 - With Argentine President Juan Perón on his deathbed, Isabela Martinez de Perón, his wife and vice president, was sworn in as the leader of the South American country.
1995 - The space shuttle Atlantis and the Russian space station Mir docked, forming the largest manmade satellite ever to orbit the Earth.

Births

1861 - William James Mayo, American physician, co-founder of the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota.
1900 - Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, French author and aviator.
1910 - Frank Loesser, American composer, librettist and lyricist.
1919 - Slim Pickens (Louis Lindley), American actor.
1946 - Egon von FurstenbergSwiss fashion designer.
1946 - Ernesto Pérez Balladares, president of Panama from 1994 to 1999
1956 - Pedro Santana LopesPrime Minister of Portugal from 2004 until 2005.
1967 - Jeff Burton, American race car driver.

Deaths

1895 - Thomas Henry Huxley, English biologist.
1933 - Fatty Arbuckle (born Roscoe Conkling Arbuckle), American silent film comedian.
1967 - Jayne Mansfield, American film actress and sex symbol.
2003 - Katharine Hepburn, American actor.

Parrilla - palabra del día.

Spanish Word of the Day
Saturday, June 29, 2013

parrilla, noun
grill
If you’re eating out in Spanish-speaking countries, you will probably come across this word on menus:
pollo a la parrilla
grilled chicken
verduras a la parrilla
grilled vegetables
If you want a simple, healthy dish, without any sauces, or if you’re watching your waistline, a la parrilla is a useful phrase to get to know. Meat cooked in this way will generally come with a slice of lemon or lime. Fish might come with a mayonnaise.
¡ñam, ñam!
yum, yum!


Content By Collins
© HarperCollins Publishers Ltd 2006. All rights reserved.

Friday, June 28, 2013

Happy Brithday

On This Day:
Friday June 28, 2013

This is the 179th day of the year, with 186 days remaining in 2013.

Fact of the Day: Happy Birthday

Mildred J. Hill, a schoolteacher born in Louisville, Kentucky, composed the melody "Happy Birthday to You." Her younger sister, Patty Smith Hill, wrote the lyrics. The song was first published in 1893 as "Good Morning to All," a classroom greeting, in the book Song Stories for Sunday School. Mildred Hill died in 1916 without knowing that her melody would become the world's most popular song, but her sister Patty did not die until 1946. The lyrics were amended in 1924 to include a stanza beginning, "Happy Birthday to You." It is now sung somewhere in the world every minute of every day. Though its writers earned very little from the song, its copyright owner earns about $1 million a year. The song is expected to enter the public domain upon expiration of the copyright in 2010.

Holidays

Feast day of St. Austell, Saints Potamiaena and Basilides, St. Irenaeus, St. Heimrad, St. John Southworth, Saints Sergius and Germanus of Valaam, and St. Paul, pope.

Events

1519 - Charles I of Spain was elected Holy Roman Emperor. He was crowned as Emperor Charles V.
1635 - The French colony of Guadeloupe was established in the Caribbean.
1778 - Molly Pitcher (Mary Hays), wife of an American artilleryman, carried water to the soldiers during the Battle of Monmouth.
1894 - Labor Day was established as a holiday for federal employees on the first Monday of September.
1905 - Sailors on the Russian battleship Potemkin mutinied as unrest spread through the Russian navy.
1914 - Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife, Sofia, were assassinated in Sarajevo by a Serb nationalist; it was the event which triggered World War I
1919 - The Treaty of Versailles was signed in France, ending World War I
1939 - Pan American Airways began regular trans-Atlantic air service. 
1950 - North Korean forces captured SeoulSouth Korea
1951 - "Amos 'N' Andy" premiered on TV, the first series to have an all-black cast.
1969 - A police raid of the Stonewall Inn--a gay club located on New York City's Christopher Street--turned violent. This incident is regarded as the spark for the gay liberation movement.
1976 - Women entered the Air Force Academy for the first time.
2000 - The Supreme Court ruled the Boy Scouts can bar homosexuals from serving as troop leaders.
2004 - The United States resumed diplomatic relations with Libya after 24 years.

Births

1491 - Henry VIII, King of England (1509-1547), founder of the Church of England.
1577 - Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish painter.
1712 - Jean-Jacques Rousseau, French philosopher.
1902 - Richard Rodgers, American award-winning composer with Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein.
1926 - Mel Brooks (born Melvin Kaminsky), American writer, director, and actor.
1946 - Gilda Radner, American comedian and actress.
1964 - Mark Grace, American baseball player.
1966 - John Cusack, American actor.
1976 - Seth Wescott, American snowboarder.

Deaths

1836 - James Madison, 4th President of the United States of America.
1975 - Rod Serling, American screenwriter, most famous for his science fiction television series, "The Twilight Zone".
1978 - Clifford Dupont, first president of Rhodesia.
1993 - GG Allin (born Jesus Christ Allin), American punk rock singer.

Prisa - palabra del día.

Spanish Word of the Day
Friday, June 28, 2013

prisa, noun
rush; hurry
Prisa is often used with the verb tener:
Tengo prisa.
I’m in a hurry.
So it’s used in the same structure as phrases you probably already know, such as tener sedto be thirsty and tener hambre to be hungry.
In another very common expression prisa goes with the verb dar used reflexively:
darse prisa
to hurry up
¡Date prisa!
Hurry up!


Content By Collins
© HarperCollins Publishers Ltd 2006. All rights reserved.

Mickle - word of the day

Word of the Day for Friday, June 28, 2013

mickle \MIK-uhl\, adjective:
Archaic. great; large; much.
The shipmaster laughed: "Friend," said he, "we can thee mickle thanks for all that thou biddest us. And wot well that we be no lifters or sea—thieves to take thy livelihood from thee."
-- William Morris, The Wood Beyond the World, 1894
If I to-day die not with Frenchmen's rage,/To-morrow I shall die with mickle age…
-- William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 1, 1591
Mickle came to English from the Old English term micel, mycel meaning "great," "big," or "much." It comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meg- meaning "great," or "large."

Thursday, June 27, 2013

lese majesty - word of the day

Word of the Day for Thursday, June 27, 2013

lese majesty \LEZ MAJ-uh-stee, LEEZ-\, noun:
1. Law. a. a crime, especially high treason, committed against the sovereign power. b. an offense that violates the dignity of a ruler.
2. an attack on any custom, institution, belief, etc., held sacred or revered by numbers of people: Her speech against Mother's Day was criticized as lese majesty.
“Little brother, if you're going to commit lese majesty, never do it by messenger. I'd have to execute him too, and it's wasteful.”
-- Harry Turtledove, The Misplaced Legion, 1987
His father was what you call an agitator, and his father was in jail for lese majesty—what you call speaking the truth about the Emperor.
-- Jack London, The Iron Heel, 1908
This term, which entered English in the 1400s, comes from the Latin laesa majestos, which literally means "violated majesty."

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Macquarie University IPRS & iMQRES Scholarships for International Students in Australia, 2013/14 
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